ammonites
Hypermecaspis venulosa Fortey 1974 (trilobite)

Trilobita - Ptychopariida - Olenidae

Full reference: R. A. Fortey. 1974. The Ordovician trilobites of Spitsbergen. I. Olenidae. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 160:1-129

Belongs to Hypermecaspis according to R. A. Fortey 1974

Sister taxa: Hypermecaspis armata, Hypermecaspis brevifrons, Hypermecaspis bulmani, Hypermecaspis inermis, Hypermecaspis inflecta, Hypermecaspis kolouros, Hypermecaspis latigena

Type specimen: PMO NF 12, a cephalon/head (cranidium)

Ecology: fast-moving low-level epifaunal carnivore